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The structure of a first conditional sentence

A first conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause:
|if clause |main clause |
|If you study hard, |you will pass the test. |

If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:

|main clause |if clause |
|You will pass the test |if you study hard. |

We use different verb forms in each part of a first conditional:

|main clause |if clause |
|You will pass the test |if you study hard. |

The structure of a second conditional sentence

The second conditional is like the first conditional. We are still thinking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition. But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, you do not have a lottery ticket. Is it possible to win? No! No lottery ticket, no win! But maybe you will buy a lottery ticket in the future. So you can think about winning in the future, like a dream. It's not very real, but