Elisa
speaks:
"I’m tired … very tired anymore of my
endless, ever losing struggle with my weight. I’ve tried,
just about every diet, every gimmick, every book that promised,
not an easy fix, or an easy cure, just hope. Hope!
… That’s all. Everything I’ve tried has failed
— and everything everyone else [I know] — has tried has
failed too. Why is it? I am a sensible, bright and well-educated
woman, why have I failed?"
Elisa is a very successful trial attorney and a
violinist with the Saint Louis Symphonic
Orchestra…
To Elisa’s plight one would like to respond
offering an easy fix, an easy answer, a so-called "miracle diet,"
one that would work and solve her riddle. Reality and experience
demonstrate that diets (as the word goes) do
not work; that dietitians, "nutritionists", endocrinologists and
dietary programs, as advertised in the popular media, do not
succeed in the long run; and, that a number of so-called
"experts" in this field are obese (by appearances) themselves;
leading us to conclude, that the problem of treating and
understanding the obese and her obesity is a most difficult one.
(See my articles related to the obese "experts" in this
field).
Why, may we ask, joining Elisa in her lament, should it
be this way?
In response to this rhetorical question we offer the
following considerations:
- Obesity has not being properly studied or understood
by the proponents of its treatment. - Most systems that attempt an explanation often base
their knowledge in principles already dated and obsolete, or
worse, relying on dated theories that have not been
confirmed. - Frequently, the advertisers of weight control
programs advance ideas that are as illogical as the methods
they propose are dangerous. - In other words, obesity remains as inscrutable as an
enigma, and as a formidable opponent to known treatment
methods.
The
Dieter’s Dilemma
In their celebrated book by the above name, Bennett and
Gurin give us abundant evidence of the fallacies that proliferate
in the field of treating the obese. But, as they conclude the
book, they do so with remarks which, to most, sound as a
pessimistic and hopeless note of desperate
lamentation.
For they offer neither hope nor promise the expected
palliative if not panacea.
We are forced to concur with these authors assessment,
that obesity is a quasi hopeless problem in terms of its
understanding and resolution, and that new and (perhaps) bold
approaches are needed, if it is going to be rendered conquerable
at last. We are also forced to admit that the dictum that
maintains that "of obesity everyone tells and no one knows
…" is a sad admission of truth.
The understanding of
the predicament of obesity
In the past, when I wrote on the subject as I do now, at
some point I would digress and offer, informed criticisms of the
various commercial treatment programs that exist.
But, why waste our time? A review of the literature
should satisfy anyone’s concerns.
What are the causes of obesity?
To some this question begs scorn. For everyone
knows that overeating and under-activity leads to fatness.
That’s it!
Not so … Not so… At least, that much we
understand today. (See my articles covering the Fiduciary
System).
Listen to these arguments:
- Why is it then, that over activity and dietary
restrictions often (quite often) elude the expected results of
a permanent weight loss, or lasting "cure" (whatever that
is)? - Why it is that most dietary programs are known
not to produce enduring results (despite the promises of
their proponents)? - Why is it that, to date, we have failed to discover
the "magic bullet" that will end it all? - Why is it that obesity and new dietary programs
follow a parallel course (or is it curse?) as
follows - More obese people in the population and more new and
useless dietary systems that appear. - How come?
Obviously, if there was a universal approach or
approaches that would work, or if someone would have come up with
principles of understanding that were legitimate or that would
solve the riddle — by now the growing health and social problem
that are posited by obesity would have ceased. But we all know
that, sadly, that this is far from being, as of today, the
case.
Let’s now examine what we know of the onset and of
the development of obesity in its various forms and in its
diverse manifestations:
Obesity obviously is a polymorphous phenomenon, much as
the specialist in endocrinology has told us for long. Obesity
could be the cause and/or the result of panoply of widely
recognized medical problems for which treatment is available and
for which treatment should be sought. But, for the majority of
the obese and of those who are fat, or overweight, their problem
is neither medical nor seems to respond to the nuances or
vagaries of dietary restrictions. For obesity is not caused by
thyroid dysfunctions (as some want us to believe), by a "slow
metabolism" (or metabolic rate) or by a lack of physical
activity. Succinctly put: obesity is not what whatever everyone
thinks it is.
"Inside each fat person there is a
skinny one anxious to leave…" (FEFL 1999)
How do we explain
obesity?
We explain obesity as the most elegant and compelling
example of an adaptation failure in the evolutionary sense.
Let’s examine this assertion.
Eons ago, when we inhabited the savannah, our activities
consisted primarily of hunting, gathering, foraging and
scavenging in order to attain the imperative of our survival —
the plan that Nature
programmed for us to preserve our existence.
We had no agriculture, no husbandry, and no reliable
means of preserving our spoils or of postponing their inevitable
decay. Our basic method of solving the problem of the recurrent
periods of, relative, abundance and of definite scarcity was to
store excess fat in our bodies where it would stay for the
short-lived interlude that would elapse before it was needed
again. We, therefore, were programmed genetically and
evolutionarily to go through periods of weight gain to be
followed by its loss. In this simple arrangement rests our
well-tuned strategy, devised in response to Nature periodic and
alternating phases of scarcity and surplus.
Apparently, in the pristine and natural state of our
habitat of long ago, there was little cause for the presence of
hidden stresses of the kind that could not be easily identified,
easily understood, easily processed, and easily resolved. There
was no risk of triggering the deleteriously dangerous reactions
in our bodies described in a masterful way by Robert Sapolsky in
his book Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers. In other
words, there was no stress created by
the interaction of culture and physiology.
Our stresses of today; originating in situations created
by the fluctuations of a marketplace economy, by the oscillations
of the value of the stock placed in the exchanges, by the desire
and pursuit of fortune, beauty, happiness, wealth, education, and
prestige (so pervasive of to-day) then did not exist — as these
and many others do haunt us today.
Stress, an often ignored and neglected factor in the
causation of obesity, did not appear in the guises in which it
does today.
Similarly, obesity can be explicated as the interaction
between and amongst adaptive systems vs. environmental factors
ran amok.
- The adaptive systems are:
- The ease and efficiency with which our bodies store
surplus food and energy as fat - The ease, immediacy, and efficiency with which our
bodies utilize such accumulated stores - The natural physically active way of our life of
yonder - The natural management of stress by means
of adaptive inborn mechanisms and techniques
2. The environmental factors are:
- The overwhelming presence of rich, palatable, highly
nutritious (fattening), accessible, socially proffered, highly
advertised, well marketed, and ubiquitous food - The proliferation of diet methods, dietitians, of
so-called "nutritionists," diet books, USDA recommended (and by
all means absurd) food groups and "pyramids" - The appearance of sources of surplus — new stresses
— that for thousands of years seem to have proliferated
without the parallel development of adaptive mechanisms to
reduce them - Our sedentary life styles where, even "sports" (such
as golf) are practiced aided by the utilization of vehicles and
while imbibing alcoholic beverages and consuming
food.
Basically these are the causes for our seeming
irresoluble problem that I broach, this time, in this
monograph.
In summary:
- We become and remain obese simply because we eat too
much, and because - We enjoy, as well, the excessive and heavy foods that
we overvalue and with which we indulge - We become and remain obese because we have adopted a
sedentary way of life that retains and preserves the amount of
energy we ingest. - We become and remain obese because we suffer
persistent and chronic stresses, created by our civilized ways
of living, that cannot and that will not be
reduced. - And, we become and remain obese, because we have
indulged in the pursuit of endless diets whose ultimate result
and sequel have been to add pounds and fat to our bodies
rendering these fatty reserves resistant to
removal.
Let us discuss the role of the cerebral hypothalamus in
the understanding of obesity.
The cerebral
hypothalamus
Is the region of the brain lying below the thalamus
forming the floor of the third ventricle of the encephalon. It
contains a control center for many of the functions of the
autonomic nervous system, and it has important links with the
endocrine system because of its rich interaction with the
pituitary gland that underlies it.
The hypothalamus is involved in the control of body
temperature, sleep, sexual function, eating and weight
regulation, and through certain pathways it modulates our moods
and affects.
Our interest in this gland comes from the fact that, in
our experience, only through a regulatory change in its function
can permanent weight loss be achieved.
The hypothalamus regulates the accumulation and loses of
weight without being obedient to any volitional act in our part.
Now, that we have a brief and superficial understanding of what
the hypothalamus does, I would like to repeat something that
through the years of my work with patients suffering from
all of the eating disorders many professional people utter
(without the vaguest idea of what they are saying). Here it
goes:
"Eating disorders are control issues …" Simple
and true — yet unsolved.
Eating disorders: namely anorexia
nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, obesity and dieting are issues of control. Now we will
see how this happens to be.
Obesity as a
control issue
It bears repeating that, since the early beginnings of
my lengthy and drawn-out career in understanding and treating
patients with eating and its disorders, that the one point that
seemed to pervade ideas in causation for most, if not all,
practitioners, was the concept that "eating disorders (chiefly
anorexia nervosa) are issues of control." This thought
being stated as if "issues of control" were the sole and
exclusive problems affecting the minds of girls suffering these
conditions.
The whole idea, as most ideas gaining currency in the
minds of mental health workers, had not originated with them but
it was merely borrowed from the early writings of Hilde Bruch,
who postulated this one, among other concerns, as the
psychodynamic underpinnings buttressing the development of
anorexia nervosa. Not as the only one as we were led to believe
was the case.
Good… but not for very
long…
Since from all appearances, it seemed obvious that
"control issues" are just that, "control issues." This resulted
in the implicit position that wasting words in explanations of
what it was meant to be — would be superfluous at best, or
unnecessary at worst. For said reasons, no one ever bothered to
explicate to my own satisfaction, just what "control
issues" really are.
But, what remained clear to all, was the issues of
control were the patient’s manipulations to run the show,
manipulating those around.
In other words: Control = Manipulations.
I don’t see in this manner and that point of view
does not satisfy me, because is not supported by the realities of
my experience.
An explanation of how I view the matter of
"control issues" is advanced below.
Control
issues
In order to achieve the often-elusive objective of
permanent weight management, one has to be in control of certain
aspects of one’s life, namely:
- Control of the demands of the
hypothalamus - Control of the amounts of stress suffered and
buffered - Control of one’s health
- Control of one’s moods
- Control of one’s foods
- Control of one’s leisure times and activity
levels
Yes indeed, one has to be in control. Not the
dietitian next door.
The problem here, is that one has to be either
knowledgeable about what it’s involved in attaining this
nirvana of self-control, or one has to be guided by someone else
who knows.
This is where the difficulties begin, for no one with
only a superficial smattering of the complexities involved and of
the knowledge required, can achieved this goal — as many, too
many, brazenly attempt.
The Dieter’s Dilemma…
Wm. Bennett & J. Gurin
When one goes on a
diet
The act itself of thinking about going on a diet
is interpreted by our regulatory mechanisms as impending stress.
Perhaps, because of such an impending Paleolithic catastrophic
premonition, the young anorectic often develops amenorrhea, even
before her dietary restriction begins.
Hunger and starvation are life-threatening events and as
such our homeostatic mechanisms register them.
What the organism interprets as stressful circumstances
associated with scarcity of food and consequent hunger, leads the
individual to become restless, worried about food sources,
concerned with hoarding and eating, and apprehensive about the
unpleasantness of feeling the impending food shortage.
With this mind-set of imminent disaster the prospective
dieter launches her crusade against her perceived
ponderousness.
To be sure, diets begin on a Monday, after the weekend
obligatory ritual of "farewell to goodies" has elapsed. With a
will for heroic deeds the dieter begins his private
odyssey.
For it is a heroic feat, that ordeal of entering a
period of self-imposed starvation, living in a world of
abundance.
It’s as well an act against nature — that of
enduring food deprivations while food is plentiful — Therefore,
hunger, temptations, moodiness, lack of resolve and will power
will make this endeavor almost impossible to achieve.
Diets, for these reasons, are usually soon aborted
leading to compensatory immediate weight gains.
This aspect of the dieting activity is seldom, if ever
addressed by the impersonal dietary programs of the world, whose
chief goal is to capitalize on the established rationalization
that diets are "fun" because they briefly result in the (often)
elusive weight loss and elevated auto esteem. The assumption,
here, is that the dieter self-esteem will be strengthened on her
resolve to lose pounds by the steady decline of the way the arm
of the scale (that instrument of torture) moves. We’d wish
that this would be the case.
In the stark realities of life, the initial excitement
derived from the weight-loss experience is the individual’s
sense of sacrifice, of self-doubts to keep it off for the long
haul and the feeling of privation and denial in the face of
others who seemingly are succeeding at controlling their figures
without sacrifices.
Then, as a corollary of hunger there is the demand, the
pressing clamor from an organism in a state of emergency due to
unmitigated famine and unresolved food shortage. An organism
rebelling against its fate, of a forced activity, for which
nature did not program it. An organism that, in the end, will
manage to defeat the resolve of its owner, expressed in the
desire to remain svelte against all odds.
Now maybe, we can appreciate and, even understand, why
all diets fail, and the reason why the diet industry is so cagey
in their claims which turn out to be more spectacular than
real:
For diets are, nothing more than the disease that
they purport to cure.
To succeed we
must be in control
This is the place where our "plan" (not a diet) and
methodology is explained. In the manner in which we will now
describe it is how we differ in our approaches from others. This
is, as well, where the exact nature of our gritty and resolve is
when put to the litmus test of
verification.
To be in control, in our way of thinking, signifies that
we are conversant with the issues that we are planning to
address. It implies as well, that our knowledge and understanding
of obesity is better than the one of the average person (or even,
better than the one of those that call themselves, dietitians).
It also implies that we are aware of the many fallacies that
abound when it comes to the facts that are said to pertain to
this field.
Let us, then, make a brief stop to reflect on just a
small number of the facts and misleading notions that abound
surrounding this realm.
Facts and
fallacies
- That obesity is a genetic condition. If it were so,
then the widespread corpulence that just arrived in Asia would not
have occurred, as it is a common trait for habitants of the
area to be of slight and delicate built. The problem in all of
Asia is the introduction in their dietary strategy of fast
foods, of the type responsible for the presence of obesity in
America and elsewhere. - That all the various and different types of the food
we consume are metabolized identically. The fact is that our
organism does process what it ingests according to
environmental and internal parameters in delicate interactions.
An Eskimo consuming a diet primarily composed of animal fats
and scanty in amounts of vegetables will survive as well as an
Inca living in the Andes and consuming only corn (maize), beans
and calabash. In other words each person will have an eating
strategy calibrated to the place where she lives. - That exercises are an essential component of a
reasonably good weight reduction program. As far as that goes,
this is a mixed bag; physical activities release endorphins in
our blood, enhance our energy levels, impart a general sense of
wellbeing, but are not by themselves sufficient to make one
lose weight. - That fatness is an inevitable sequel of overeating
and inactivity. Studies demonstrate amply that this is far from
being the case. (See my Sisyphus article). - That diets work. If this well accepted and entrenched
premise were true, then we would not be in the quandary we now
find ourselves, about corpulence. - That diet pills, diet foods, and all the diet stuff
that they sell us in the section dedicated to these gimmicks in
the supermarkets are helpful. Expensive that they are …
Helpful they are not.
And in this vein we could continue to successfully
demolish and explode all the myths that have been woven into the
very fabric of the various plans and programs aimed at weight
reduction and control.
Having concluded the previous section with the use of
the word "control" we now broach what it is to be, really,
in "control".
To be in
control:
- Is to accept the fact that most of us, living amidst
our affluence and enjoying food galore, are over nourished to
the verge of imperiling our health and appearances. - Is to accept the fact that food cannot be viewed as a
"sport" that we practice for the pleasures
involved. - It is to realize that, while we manage to consume
enormous amounts of calorie-laden foods, a vast portion of the
rest of our human race does not have enough to eat. That a
child celebrating her birthday consumes more energy, during the
pagan festivity, than a laborer toiling under the sun, will
have at his disposal.
That it is grotesque for us to support or patronize
events (such as gastronomic functions) where the consumption of
palatable food will take place — only for the taste and the
mere enjoyment of it.
- It is to commence to view food as "our daily bread,"
as some sort of a divine concession and not as an oral luxury
to which we are entitled and should consume ad
nauseam. - It is to discard the deceptive notion that three
square meals a day (first proposed by the mythological Greek
Palamedes) are essential for a human adult. - It is to view, the use of food for social purposes,
as a contradictory proposition that we must revise as a
responsibility to ourselves and to those we love — beginning
with the education of our children to its potential joys and
avoiding probable sorrows. - It is to characterize foods as edible and as
inedible. Relegating the candy and dietary sections of any
supermarket as belonging to the latter. - It is to enjoy food as a deliberate and not as an
automatic activity, responding and being controlled simply by
our taste buds. In other words, to place on the way we ingest
our meals the same care and thoughtfulness that we must place
on how spend our money. Never done wastefully and never done in
haste. - It is to accept that nature has placed premium
limitations on our eating strategy for survival. Limitations
that we are not supposed to exceed without paying the high
price that will be exacted from us, when we transgress: namely
obesity and its complications. - It is to be willing to acknowledge that in order for
us to be successful at losing weight in the long run, that we
will have to make lasting and sweeping changes in our present
living styles.
In summary, to be in control is to adopt a strategy of
eating and in living that would fit our stage in life, our
ecology, our health requirements and our own goals. This type of
commitment signifies our resolve to deal with and, to be
successful in solving the enigma and the puzzle of our
corpulence.
Now let’s move into something
practical…
The Human Adaptive
Eating Strategy (ECHA)
The strategy nature has devised for our alimentation and
survival is characteristically one that would fit an organism
destined to disperse, to migrate, to be mobile and to survive in
a diversity of habitats. An organism that, without a heavy coat
of fur covering its skin, would still manage to live in sub-zero
temperatures with the same ease with which it could live in the
desert, under water, in the mountains and in the
littoral.
A highly adaptable and resilient animal, without
limitations or constrains on what it could eat or could not, or
what it would need to either survive or to adapt to adverse and
diverse set of circumstances. In other words not a specialized
eater (as camels or cats) but an omnivorous animal, born from a
placental pregnancy, helpless at first, with no visible armor,
with no powerful jaws, with no gift of flight or speed, with no
crushing corpulence; but with a powerful and unequaled brain, the
depository of the most developed intelligence ever seen in
Nature. This animal happens to be us, aptly classified as
Homo sapiens sapiens: The wiser among the
wisest.
We now can begin to understand why we talk of a "plan"
when we discuss our eating behaviors. We call it a plan, for we
have surmised that it is our own particular and specific eating
strategy, the one and only which we must follow, on our tactic to
recover our lost bearings on the tables of epicurean
delights.
This strategy, having sprung from Nature’s own
balance, is easily deducted from what Nature has to offer. Simply
put, being allowed to eat from all sources of food, we should
utilize accordingly those foods which are most in abundance,
which are easier to obtain at a low risk and which are easily
stored (both as fat in our bodies and in our
dwellings.)
Plants and vegetables, insects, fowl and birds, small
vertebrates, fish and larger game (preferably hunted in groups,
with makeshift weapons or scavenged from the hunt of other,
better suited species). This is, concisely summarized, our eating
strategy and plan.
There are some caveats that must be addressed at this
point. Although, this is a general plan derived from our natural
necessities, it is not a plan that can be adapted universally by
all at this time in our history; for we have managed to dislocate
the bearings of the stability we used to enjoy and the plan would
require adjustments aimed at pacify the established rules
operating in our world of pseudo science.
I guess a disclaimer here would appear useful, something
to the effect that this plan must be opted at one’s own
risk and peril. Risking criticism and generating controversy have
never intimidated me, so that the Plan (with capital
letter) remains applicable if only with appropriate modifications
imposed on it by its very nature.
The Paleolithic
Prescription
In another landmark of refinement in writing in the
field of our eating strategy is the book whose name I entered
above. The knowledge the authors impart therein is timeless and
of tremendous importance to workers in this field, yet very few
know of its existence, few have read it — having lapsed into
undeserved publisher’s oblivion.
Borrowing from these and other sources we offer our
exegesis of the surest manner of losing weight, while traveling
the path with alacrity and sanguine premonitions.
The
Plan
We offer the Plan in a succinct, yet descriptive manner.
The only warning I would like to introduce now is the fact that
this Plan, since is not based on dietary restrictions or heroic
sacrifices cannot promise its adherents a lineal, uninterrupted
progression of weight loses, but a steady, gradual and
parsimonious way of achieving the goal. The following are its
main premises:
- Do not suffer from hunger. In order to be in control
of hypothalamic dictates, one must not be hungry. That means,
however that one has to learn and to be able to distinguish
from a caprice, a whim, and real hunger—a physiological
imperative. This has to be learned, because for far too long
our eating has been prompted by habit, impulse or by social
prodding. We must then (surprise!) learn how to eat
again. - In order for us not to suffer from hunger we must
establish (as a general in the field plans his battle strategy)
we must apportion what, when, how, where and what not
to. - If one is used to eat breakfast. What to eat? Fresh
fruits, bread made of non-sifted flour, poached eggs and/or
juice. Sugar is out. Why is this so? Please, acquire and keep
handy your copy of Sugar Blues6. Remembering
that breakfast (no matter what the experts tell you) is not,
and (for logical reasons) cannot be the important collation
that it’s billed to be. Butter, lard and other animal
greases are also out. Fat being unquestionably the food that
most expediently we convert and store as fat (followed closely
by refined sugar.) - What to drink. Water. Yes, pure and clean, fresh
H2O. Not milk, which is totally irrelevant after we
finished lactating from our mother’s breast. Of course,
nothing we say goes against the use of natural fruit juices. We
must abstain from sodas and refreshments, which are rich in
sugar, empty calories and carbonic acid. - If, owing to the fact that we are used to snacking
during the day, we must have those to avoid hunger, we can use
freely fresh fruits and vegetables. - For lunch, we can consume a balanced diet of plenty
of complex carbohydrates, vegetables, salads, lean meat, fish
or poultry followed by fruits. Eat well and be satisfied.
Consume Dominican casabe the bread of the poor on which the
rich should thrive. - Snacks, because at first we are accustomed to eating
at will, should be limited to the same order of things we ate
in the morning. - For dinner tuna in water, baked potato, plenty of
vegetables and plenty of fruits. - And, remember to walk briskly at least, half an hour
a day; swim, ride your bike or do whatever aerobic exercises
you’d like to do with enthusiasm. Not in order to lose
weight, but to minimize and reduce stress.
This simple plan, can achieve the goal of lasting and/or
permanent weight loss without spending a penny on its
application.
People ask whether the use of wines and liquor are
permitted on this Plan. With some discretion, they are permitted
and even considered useful to the Plan. Cases are to be
considered on an individual basis. Not permitted are cordials and
beverages based on sugars.
Others ask if this Plan fits adolescents, children, the
infirm and the elderly—if this Plan can be adapted to the
treatment of the "super-obese."
Adolescents and children survive on this plan all over
the world. The majority of the human race does not have access to the
foods with which we poison ourselves and undermine our
health.
For the very young and the elderly (particularly if
infirm) medical considerations should always be taken into
account.
For the very obese, for the diabetic, or for those whose
general condition require medical as well as dietary concerns,
the Plan can be successfully adapted. Treatment approaches for
these groups are more selective and proceed in different and more
convoluted fashion, as it will be explained in the next
section.
The role of physical
activity in the treatment and control of obesity
Once, I was involved in the management of the case of a
woman made famous by the set of bizarre circumstances surrounding
her final days.
Karen, a young, single woman, suffered severe head
injuries in an automobile accident, resulting in brain death
¾ ¾ she laid in a protracted coma, until her
adoptive parents were allowed (through seeming interminable,
legal maneuvering) to disconnect her life support
systems.
As she lay motionless in bed, with tubes connected to
her body, a nasal-gastric tube assured her of a balanced
nutrition. What nobody had noticed (until I called it to the
dietitians’ attention) was that the patient had been
receiving for weeks the enormous amount of (approximately) 9,000
calories a day ¾ ¾ this incredible quantity without gaining
(even losing) weight.
According to the calculations of dietitians, it’s
dogma that the intake of 3,000 daily calories will (inevitably)
result in the accumulation of one pound of weight for that day.
Why wasn’t Karen fat, if it was so?
Karen wasn’t fat, because we do not gain or lose
weight neither by the number of calories consumed ¾ ¾
after all, she wasn’t moving at all!
Let’s talk about
the role of exercise in weight control
Exercise is good because we are active animals. Exercise
make us feel good, for it reduces stress, but for the amount of
food in excess we ingest, exercise by itself is not remedy
opposing it being turned into fat. Then it’s easy to
understand why, the poor people that carry their ponderous
anatomies through the streets of the Mirador remain permanently
obese, and equally surprising, why anorexics who do not engage in
any physical activities, remain overly-slim.
Weight can be lost and maintained gone, by watching your
food intake and nothing else — so, that going to a spa in order
lo lose weight is as much of a fallacy, as it’s easily
supported by the evidence.
In
summary
The author of this article is conscious that the
treatment of overweight, as currently applied, is a deceptive
racket. The author of this article has, as well, analyzed with
greater certainty the causes and cures of fatness. And, as such
remains convinced of the fact that obesity is the triumph of an
instinct over reason, as previously postulated.
Based on all the premises and arguments presented, I
conclude, that my assertions contained in my published works on
the Hobson’s choice, remain axiomatic.
Therefore, unless obesity is addressed as a hypothalamic
disorder awaiting the key of true therapy, that it will remain,
as it has, an enigma in waiting of a resolution.
Bibliography
Furnished to those who request it.
Félix E. F. Larocca MD
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